The State of Music Therapy Studies in the Past 20 Years: A Bibliometric Analysis

Purpose: Music therapy is increasingly being used to address physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs of individuals. However, publications on the global trends of music therapy using bibliometric analysis are rare. The study aimed to use the CiteSpace software to provide global scientific research about music therapy from 2000 to 2019.Methods: Publications between 2000 and 2019 related to music therapy were searched from the Web of Science (WoS) database. The CiteSpace V software was used to perform co-citation analysis about authors, and visualize the collaborations between countries or regions into a network map. Linear regression was applied to analyze the overall publication trend.Results: In this study, a total of 1,004 studies met the inclusion criteria. These works were written by 2,531 authors from 1,219 institutions. The results revealed that music therapy publications had significant growth over time because the linear regression results revealed that the percentages had a notable increase from 2000 to 2019 (t = 14.621, P < 0.001). The United States had the largest number of published studies (362 publications), along with the following outputs: citations on WoS (5,752), citations per study (15.89), and a high H-index value (37). The three keywords “efficacy,” “health,” and “older adults,” emphasized the research trends in terms of the strongest citation bursts.Conclusions: The overall trend in music therapy is positive. The findings provide useful information for music therapy researchers to identify new directions related to collaborators, popular issues, and research frontiers. The development prospects of music therapy could be expected, and future scholars could pay attention to the clinical significance of music therapy to improve the quality of life of people

Ni-catalyzed fixation of heterocumulenes into organic matter and c-h functionalization reactions

Durant la meva tesi doctoral he estat treballant en quatre projectes. Els dos primers relacionats amb la fixacio de CO2 mitjançant tècniques catalítiques i els dos últims emprant iocianats en hidroamidació reductora i funcionalització d'enllaços C-H. Els meus estudis relacionats amb el diòxid de carboni es basen majoritariment en la síntesi d'àcids carboxílics, molècules que a pesar de la seva simplicitat es troben en un gran nombre de productes naturals. La utlitizació de CO2 (abundant, econòmic i inocu) com a font de compostos d'una unitat de caboni representa una alternativa elegant en la preparació d'àcids carboxílics. Els mètodes clàssics de preparació d'àcids carboxílics requereixen l'ús d'espècies metàl·liques ben definides, sensibles a l'aire i en cuantitats estequiomètriques. A més, al final necessiten ser preparats a partir del corresponent halur orgànic. Vegent tot com açò un repte, busquem desenvolupar protocols catalítics de carboxilació reductora emprant CO2 en condicions de reacció suaus i fàcils d'aplicar. Basant-se en els nostres estudis de reacción reductores d'acomplament creuat de dos electròfils, desenvoluparem un mètode de hidroamidació d'alquens amb isocianats que empra simples bromurs d'alquil com a font d'hidrur. Seguint el nostre interés en aquesta reacció selectiva, desenvoluparem un mètode de funcionalització d'enllaços C(sp2)-H o C(sp3)-H i formació d'enllaços C-O catalitzat per un reactiu de iode (III) generat in situ. Les reaccions transcorren en condicions suaus de reacció i mostren un interesant canvi en la selectivitat depenent del catalizador emprat.Durante mi tesis doctoral, he trabajado en cuatro proyectos. Los dos primeros relacionados con la fijación de CO2 mediante técnicas catalíticas y los últimos dos usando isocianatos en hidroamidación reductora y funcionalización de enlaces C-H. Mis estudios relacionados con el dióxido de carbono se basan primordialmente en la síntesis de ácidos carboxílicos, moléculas que a pesar de su tremenda simplicidad se encuentran en un amplio rango de productos naturales. La utilización de CO2 (abundante, económico e inocuo) como fuente de compuestos de una unidad de carbono representa una alternativa elegante en la preparación de ácidos carboxílicos. Los métodos clásicos de preparación de ácidos carboxílicos requieren el uso de especies metálicas bien definidas, sensibles al aire y en cantidades estequiométricas. Además, al final necesitan ser preparados a partir del correspondiente haluro orgánico. Viendo esto como un reto, buscamos desarrollar protocolos catalíticos de carboxilación reductora usando CO2, usando condiciones de reacción suaves y fáciles de aplicar. Basándonos en nuestros estudios de reacciones reductoras de acoplamiento cruzado de dos electrófilos, desarrollamos un método convenciente de hidroamidación de alquinos con isocianatos que usa simples bromuros de alquilo como fuente de hidruro. Siguiendo nuestro interés en esta reacción selectiva, desarrollamos un método de funcionalización de enlaces C(sp2)-H o C(sp3)-H y formación de enlaces C-O catalizado por un reactivo de iodo (III) generado in situ. Las reacciones transcurren bajo condiciones suaves de reacción y muestran un interesante cambio en la selectividad dependiendo del catalizador usado.During my PhD studies, I have focus my attention primary on 4 projects, two of these dealing with the ability to promote catalytic CO2 fixation techniques, and the last two using isocyanates in reductive hydroamidation and C-H functionalization. The interest of my studies for carbon dioxide relies primarily on the synthesis of carboxylic acids, molecules that despite their tremendous simplicity are incredibly prevalent in a wide number of pharmaceuticals. The utilization of abundant, cheap and non-toxic CO2 as C1 synthon represents an elegant alternative for preparing carboxylic acids. However, the classical methods are limited to stoichiometric, well-defined and air-sensitive metal species that ultimately need to be prepared from the corresponding organic halide. Challenged by such perception, we would like to develop mild, user-friendly catalytic reductive carboxylation protocols with CO2, thus avoiding the need for stoichiometric organometallic reagents. In line with our studies in reductive electrophile-electrophile cross coupling reactions, we developed a convenient hydroamidation reaction of alkynes with isocyanates that utilizes simple alkyl bromides as hydride source. Following up with our interest in selective reaction, we established a C(sp2)-H or C(sp3)-H functionalization/C-O bond forming process catalyzed by in situ generated I(III) reagent. The reactions occurred under mild conditions and with an intriguing selectivity switch depending on the catalyst used

Cooperative Spectrum Sensing

Non

Cognitive motor interference for gait and balance in stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: An increasing interest in the potential benefits of cognitive motor interference (CMI) for stroke has recently been observed, but the efficacy of CMI for gait and balance is controversial. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was performed to estimate the effect of CMI on gait and balance in patients with stroke. METHODS: Articles in Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, PEDro and the China Biology Medicine disc were searched from 1970 to July 2014. Only randomized controlled trials examining the effects of CMI for patients with stroke were included, and no language restrictions were applied. Main outcome measures included gait and balance function. RESULTS: A total of 15 studies composed of 395 participants met the inclusion criteria, and 13 studies of 363 participants were used as data sources for the meta-analysis. Pooling revealed that CMI was superior to the control group for gait speed [mean difference (MD) 0.19 m/s, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.06, 0.31), P = 0.003], stride length [MD 12.53 cm, 95% CI (4.07, 20.99), P = 0.004], cadence [MD 10.44 steps/min, 95% CI (4.17, 16.71), P = 0.001], centre of pressure sway area [MD −1.05, 95% CI (−1.85, −0.26), P = 0.01] and Berg balance scale [MD 2.87, 95% CI (0.54, 5.21), P = 0.02] in the short term. CONCLUSION: Cognitive motor interference is effective for improving gait and balance function for stroke in the short term. However, only little evidence supports assumptions regarding CMI's long-term benefits

Calcium-magnesium-alumino-silicate induced degradation of La2(Zr0.7Ce0.3)2O7/YSZ double-ceramic–layer thermal barrier coatings prepared by electron beam-physical vapor deposition

During last decades, much effort has been made to develop new alternative thermal barrier coating (TBC) to traditional YSZ for applications above 1250oC. La2(Zr0.7Ce0.3)2O7(LZ7C3) is deemed as a very promising TBC candidate for advanced gas turbine because of its extremely low thermal conductivity, high sintering resistance and phase stability from room temperature to 1600oC. Thermal cycling with a gas burner showed that the LZ7C3/YSZ double-ceramic-layer (DCL) coatings prepared by electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) or atmospheric plasma spraying had a much longer lifetime than that of YSZ coating at 1250± 50oC.The use of the new TBC can allow higher gas temperatures, resulting in further improved thermal efficiency and engine performance. However, at these high operating temperatures, TBCs become susceptible to attack by calcium-magnesium-alumino-silicate (CMAS, relative to the main chemical components Ca, Mg, Al and Si) deposits resulting from the ingestion of siliceous minerals (dust, sand, volcanic ash, runway debris) with the intake air. CMAS becomes molten at temperatures above 1200oC and then rapidly penetrates the TBCs by capillary force, resulting in the loss of strain tolerance and premature failure of the coatings. In this paper, CMAS induced degradation of LZ7C3/YSZ DCL coatings prepared by EB-PVD method were investigated. Hot corrosion tests were performed at 1250oC at durations varying from 0.5 h to 24 h. It is observed that the infiltration of CMAS in the intercolumnar gaps was largely suppressed in the case of EB-PVD LZ7C3 coating. The penetration depth rarely exceeded 40 μm below the original surface even after 24 h exposure at 1250oC. This was ascribed to rapid dissolution of the LZ7C3 and essentially concurrent formation of a sealing layer made of crystalline apatite and fluorite phases, which is consistent with the observation on Gd2Zr2O7. However, large vertical cracks would form in the EB-PVD LZ7C3 coating during thermal cycling as a result of re-crystallization, sintering and thermal expansion mismatch between ceramic coating and substrate. These vertical cracks can also act as channels to CMAS melt infiltration. Since the kinetics of the dissolve-reprecipitation reaction was slower than the infiltration rate of CMAS in the vertical crack, the majority of vertical cracks were not sealed. As a result, CMAS flowed down to the LZ7C3/YSZ interface along the vertical cracks, and then easily penetrated the YSZ buffer layer by capillary force. Chemical interaction also occurred in the YSZ buffer layer. What\u27s more, the YSZ layer in the DCL coating even underwent a severer CMAS attack than the single YSZ coating. After 4 h CMAS exposure, the YSZ layer of the LZ7C3/YSZ bilayer coating was totally dissolved by molten CMAS followed by precipitation of a large number of globular ZrO2 particles, while the single YSZ coating just suffered a slight degradation in the same experimental conditions and still kept its columnar structure. The probable reason was that the CMAS melt in the YSZ layer of the DCL coating had a higher CaO/SiO2 ration than the original CMAS composition due to the formation of apatite phase when CMAS reacted with the upper LZ7C3 layer. The initial Si: Ca ratio (Si: Ca≈1.4) in CMAS melt is less than the corresponding apatite (Si: Ca≈3), leading to progressive CaO enrichment during apatite crystallization. For this reason, it is suggested that the effectiveness of the CMAS mitigation strategy for YSZ TBCs by adopting a so-called CMAS-resistant top layer needs to be assessed in the context of more realistic conditions. If the formation of large vertical cracks in TBCs was not avoided, this CMAS mitigation approach may not as effective as expected

Enhancement of Responsivity in Solar-Blind UV Detector With Back-Gate MOS Structure Fabricated on β-Ga2O3 Films

Monoclinic Ga2O3 (β-Ga2O3) films were grown on Si/SiO2 by using MOCVD. Then, we fabricated the solar-blind photodetector with a back-gate MOS structure. The device exhibited obvious photoresponse under 254-nm UV light illumination, and the photocurrent increased by five orders of magnitude, which could be controlled by VGS. The current generated under dark conditions could also be regulated by VGS and tended to constant when the regulation of VGS was reaching saturation. Meanwhile, VGS was confirmed to have a certain ability to regulate the photocurrent. The present device demonstrated excellent stability and fast response (rise) and recovery (decay) times under the 254-nm light illumination as well as a responsivity of 417.5 A/W, suggesting a valuable application in solar-blind UV photodetectors